Enhancing Aotearoa New Zealand's Border Inspection Capabilities
In a bid to protect its unique biodiversity, New Zealand is taking proactive steps to strengthen its biosecurity capabilities. Climate change increases the risk of plant-destroying insects, diseases, and invasive weeds entering the country, as seen with the arrival of the fall armyworm in February 2022. This highly adaptable pest, which feeds on around 350 plant species, has caused damage to crops.
To address this growing concern, scientists are advocating for a more proactive approach. One key strategy is the utilisation of Environmental DNA (eDNA) for early detection. By implementing eDNA monitoring in strategic locations such as ports, high-risk areas, and waterways, invasive species can be detected early. This non-invasive and sensitive tool for surveillance provides a cost-effective alternative to traditional methods, enabling more frequent monitoring and early intervention.
Another strategy leverages genome sequencing for predictive analysis. Genomic surveillance can help predict the likelihood of establishment and spread based on genetic traits such as adaptability and virulence. Integrating genomic data into predictive models allows for the forecasting of potential invasion routes and hotspots, enabling proactive management strategies.
Enhancing biosecurity frameworks is also crucial. eDNA and genome sequencing should be integrated into New Zealand's existing biosecurity frameworks, including risk assessment protocols and surveillance programs. Public awareness about the importance of biosecurity should be raised, and communities should be involved in monitoring efforts to enhance vigilance and encourage reporting of suspicious organisms.
International collaboration and continuous investment in technology upgrades are also essential. Collaborating with international partners and investing in advanced technologies in eDNA analysis and genome sequencing ensure New Zealand stays at the forefront of biosecurity innovation.
Policies and regulations must also support the use of eDNA and genome sequencing in biosecurity. Providing legal frameworks for the practical application of these technologies is crucial.
Understanding the origin of pests can help determine their genomic signatures, providing insight into their ability to survive in certain conditions. Sequencing the genomes for species not represented in New Zealand's databases will enable faster identification of dangerous interlopers.
New Zealand needs to be more proactive in biosecurity, developing new monitoring tools and utilising technologies like eDNA to improve baseline data. This includes the use of citizen scientists, who have proven useful in detecting and identifying biosecurity risks. For instance, the Myrtle Rust Reporter is a citizen science project using iNaturalist to log sightings of the disease.
School students have also been involved in combating the spread of weeds using iNaturalist. Research into using algorithms to respond swiftly and effectively to biosecurity outbreaks is being conducted at Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha | University of Canterbury.
If New Zealand wants to prevent the next big pest threat, it is long past time to invest in prevention rather than reaction. Genome sequencing could be used to understand and better predict the establishment outcomes of pests, and to move more quickly before they get a foothold.
For those who suspect a pest, reporting it to the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) is crucial. This can be done by calling the Exotic Pest and Disease Hotline or reporting online at report.mpi.govt.nz/pest. By working together, New Zealand can protect its unique biodiversity and ensure a sustainable future for its agriculture and ecosystems.
- In the realm of environmental science, a strategic approach involves using Environmental DNA (eDNA) for early detection of invasive species in ports, high-risk areas, and waterways.
- To supplement eDNA monitoring, genome sequencing can offer predictive analysis, helping forecast potential invasion routes and hotspots, thereby enabling proactive management strategies.
- Embracing technology advancements like eDNA analysis and genome sequencing, in collaboration with international partners, is essential to keep New Zealand at the forefront of biosecurity innovation.
